IEC 63203-402-1:2022

IEC 63203-402-1
®

Edition 1.0 2022-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside


Wearable electronic devices and technologies –
Part 402-1: Performance measurement of fitness wearables – Test methods of
glove-type motion sensors for measuring finger movements

Technologies et dispositifs électroniques prêts-à-porter –
Partie 402-1: Mesure des performances des dispositifs prêts-à-porter d’activité
physique – Méthodes d’essai des capteurs de mouvement type gant pour le
mesurage des mouvements digitaux

IEC 63203-402-1:2022-11(en-fr)

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IEC 63203-402-1

®


Edition 1.0 2022-11




INTERNATIONAL



STANDARD




NORME


INTERNATIONALE
colour

inside










Wearable electronic devices and technologies –

Part 402-1: Performance measurement of fitness wearables – Test methods of

glove-type motion sensors for measuring finger movements



Technologies et dispositifs électroniques prêts-à-porter –

Partie 402-1: Mesure des performances des dispositifs prêts-à-porter d’activité


physique – Méthodes d’essai des capteurs de mouvement type gant pour le

mesurage des mouvements digitaux












INTERNATIONAL

ELECTROTECHNICAL

COMMISSION


COMMISSION

ELECTROTECHNIQUE


INTERNATIONALE




ICS 31.020 ISBN 978-2-8322-5999-3




Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.

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® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
– 2 – IEC 63203-402-1:2022 © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
3.1 General terms . 5
3.2 Angle between finger joints . 6
4 Test conditions and method . 7
4.1 Test conditions . 7
4.2 Preparation of gloves under test . 7
4.3 Test methods . 7
4.3.1 Direct measurement test procedure: angle between finger joints. 7
4.3.2 Indirect measurement test procedure: angle between finger joints with
sensors. 9
5 Test report . 11
Annex A (informative) Glove-type motion sensors . 13
A.1 Glove-type motion sensors . 13
A.2 Examples by sensing type . 13
A.2.1 Schematic of a resistive-type glove sensor . 13
A.2.2 Schematic of a capacitive-type glove sensor . 14
A.2.3 Schematic of a piezoelectric-type glove sensor . 14
Bibliography . 15

Figure 1 – Position of DIP, PIP, IP and MCP . 7
Figure 2 – Direct measurement method using a manual goniometer . 8
Figure 3 – Test setup based on the servomotor for sensor angle measurement . 10
Figure 4 – Test procedure of angle measurement in the wearable glove based on the
servomotor. 10
Figure A.1 – Examples of glove-type motion sensors . 13
Figure A.2 – Schematic of a resistive-type glove sensor . 13
Figure A.3 – Schematic of a capacitive-type glove sensor . 14
Figure A.4 – Structure of a piezoelectric-type glove sensor . 14

Table 1 – Comparison of angle data measured with a glove sensor and goniometer . 9
Table 2 – Comparison of angle data measured with a glove sensor and servomotor . 11

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IEC 63203-402-1:2022 © IEC 2022 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

WEARABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND TECHNOLOGIES –

Part 402-1: Performance measurement of fitness wearables – Test
methods of glove-type motion sensors for measuring finger movements

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
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preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
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Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 63203-402-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 124: Wearable electronic
devices and technologies. It is an International Standard.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
124/195/FDIS 124/204/RVD

Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.

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– 4 – IEC 63203-402-1:2022 © IEC 2022
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 63203 series, published under the general title Wearable electronic
devices and technologies, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it
contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its
contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

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IEC 63203-402-1:2022 © IEC 2022 – 5 –
WEARABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND TECHNOLOGIES –

Part 402-1: Performance measurement of fitness wearables – Test
methods of glove-type motion sensors for measuring finger movements



1 Scope
This document specifies test methods for wearable glove-type motion sensors to measure finger
movements. The measurement methods include goniometric parameters related to the finger
postures and flexion dynamics. Glove-type motion sensors are the type of gloves considered
within the scope of this document for testing and measurement. This document describes direct
and indirect measurement methods. In the direct measurement method, the angles of the joints
of each finger are directly measured by a goniometer. The indirect method uses a measurement
device such as a servomotor-based angle-measuring device. This document is applicable to
angle measurement of all gloves with glove-type motion sensors without limitation of the device
technology or size.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 62047-6, Semiconductor devices – Micro-electromechanical devices – Part 6: Axial fatigue
testing methods of thin film materials
IEC 62951-1, Semiconductor devices – Flexible and stretchable semiconductor devices – Part 1:
Bending test method for conductive thin films on flexible substrates
ISO 291, Plastics – Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 21420:2020, Protective gloves – General requirements and test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 62047-6, IEC 62951-1,
ISO 291, ISO 21420, and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1 General terms
3.1.1
glove-type motion sensor
sensor mounted in or on a glove which is worn for gesture recognition
Note 1 to entry: See Annex A for details.

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3.1.2
resistive-type glove sensor
sensor mounted in or on a glove that detects and measures changes in electrical resistance in
or on a glove
Note 1 to entry: The resistive-type glove sensor shows a resistance change due to the movement in the hand by
applying a simple resistive sensor in a glove.
3.1.3
capacitive-type glove sensor
sensor mounted in or on a glove that detects and measures changes in electrical capacitance
in or on a glove
Note 1 to entry: The capacitive-type glove sensor shows a capacitance change due to hand movements by applying
a simple capacitive sensor in a glove.
3.1.4
piezoelectric-type glove sensor
sensor mounted in or on a glove that detects and measures changes in piezoelectricity in or on
a glove
Note 1 to entry: The piezoelectric-type glove sensor shows a voltage change due to movement in the hand by
applying a simple piezoelectric sensor in a glove.
3.2 Angle between finger joints
3.2.1
phalanx,
phalanges, pl
bone(s) of the fingers or toes
3.2.2
metacarpal joint
MCP
first joint of the finger, connecting the metacarpal bone to the proximal phalange
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1 for the position of the MCP.
3.2.3
proximal interphalangeal joint
PIP
second joint of the finger, connecting the proximal phalange to the intermediate phalange
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1 for the position of the PIP.
3.2.4
distal interphalangeal joint
DIP
third and final joint of the finger, connecting the intermediate phalange to the distal phalange
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1 for the position of the DIP.
3.2.5
interphalangeal joint
IP
second and final joint of the thumb finger, connecting the intermediate phalange to the distal
phalange
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1 for the position of the IP.

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IEC 63203-402-1:2022 © IEC 2022 – 7 –

Figure 1 – Position of DIP, PIP, IP and MCP
4 Test conditions and method
4.1 Test conditions
The standard atmosphere for specimen test and storage is 23,0 °C ± 2,0 °C (ambient or
atmospheric temperature) and 36,5 °C ± 1,0°C (body temperature) with 50 % ± 10 % relative
humidity, which conforms to standard atmosphere class 2 as specified in ISO 291. If
conditioning is necessary, the same standard atmosphere as that specified above shall apply.
4.2 Preparation of gloves under test
The gloves with glove-type motion sensors are prepared and can be applied in either direct or
indirect measurement methods.
4.3 Test methods
4.3.1 Direct measurement test procedure: angle between finger joints
Figure 2 shows the test setup to measure the angle between finger joints using the goniometer
under test. A goniometer is required to measure the angle between the fingers in an
environment consistent with 4.1. In the direct measurement method, the glove may be worn on
the hand while the sensor is inserted into the glove. Proceed to measure each finger as follows
and write down the results in Table 1.
a) The glove with the sensor for testing shall be worn on the hand. At this point in the procedure,
the sensor's fixed position is important. The sensor shall be fixed parallel to the finger's
longitudinal direction, and the goniometer shall be accurately positioned at the joint to
measure the angle in the finger's longitudinal direction.
b) Attach a manual goniometer (with 5° resolution) to a finger joint.
c) Adjust the joint maximum angle (180°) to the minimum angle with 5° resolution. Measure
the resistance change for 10 s at each angle. The minimum angular position is the angle at
which the finger is flexed, as shown in Figure 2 c). The method of obtaining the resistance
value is as follows. At both ends of the sensor, there is a terminal to measure the sensor
signal. Each terminal is connected to either the measuring device or to the measuring circuit
board. The glove sensor data depends on the sensor type. The types can produce
resistance, capacitance, voltage, or analog-to-digital converter (ADC) values. It is necessary

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– 8 – IEC 63203-402-1:2022 © IEC 2022
to measure the sensors for all five fingers because the bending radius of the joints in each
finger are different, as are the minimum and maximum bending angles.
d) Sequentially measure each joint on each finger repeatedly from 4.3.1 a) to c) and quantify
the sensors' responses.


a) Measuring maximum angle (180°) b) Measuring 90° c) Measuring minimum angle

Figure 2 – Direct measurement method using a manual goniometer

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IEC 63203-402-1:2022 © IEC 2022 – 9 –
Table 1 – Comparison of angle data measured with a glove sensor and goniometer
Thumb
Joints MCP IP
Actual angle
180 175 170 … min. 180 175 170 … min.
(θ) [°]
Glove sensor [e.g.]
7,015 7,022 … 8,038 7 7,009 7,02 … 8,338
data [kΩ] 7
Index finger
Joints MCP PIP DIP
Actual angle
180 175 170 … min. 180 175 170 … min. 180 175 170 … min.
(θ) [°]
Glove sensor

data [kΩ]
Middle finger
Joints MCP PIP DIP
Actual angle
180 175 170 … min. 180 175 170 … min. 180 175 170 … min.
(θ) [°]
Glove sensor

data [kΩ]
Ring finger
Joints MCP PIP DIP
Actual angle
180 175 170 … min. 180 175 170 … min. 180 175 170 … min.
(θ) [°]
Glove sensor

data [kΩ]
Little finger
Joints MCP PIP DIP
Actual angle
180 175 170 … min. 180 175 170 … min. 180 175 170 … min.
(θ) [°]
Glove sensor

data [kΩ]

NOTE MCP, PIP, DIP and IP definitions are given in 3.2.
4.3.2 Indirect measurement test procedure: angle between finger joints with sensors
The indirect measuring method is designed to measure the bending angle of the glove sensor
using a servomotor-based test apparatus. Figure 3 shows the test setup to measure the bending
angle of the sensor using finger-like and similar instruments. The finger joint angle is
determined using an experimental device based on a servomotor, as shown in Figure 3. When
the servomotor-based bending angle measuring apparatus is used, the relationship between
the number of counts in the servomotor's encoder and the sensor's angle, as provided by the
servomotor's manufacturer, can be used as a reference table lookup. Figure 4 shows the system
configuration schematic. Measure the bending angle of the glove sensor as follows and
compare the results with the values in Table 2.

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The following test procedures are performed:
a) Wear on your hand (or the hand of another person) a glove with the sensor for testing. The
glove size is in accordance with ISO 21420:2020, 5.1 and ISO 21420:2020, Annex B.
b) Fix the glove with the sensor that is worn on the hand to the servomotor-based equipment.
c) The sensor is fixed with the fixed leaf. The glove sensor bends according to the rotation of
the stepper motor that controls the swinging of one leaf of the hinge.
d) Insert the input angle using the software program connected to the servomotor-based
equipment.
e) After the servomotor-based equipment has been positioned at the input angle, measure the
resistance, capacitance, voltage or ADC value obtained from the sensor. The method to
measure the sensor signals is described in 4.3.1 c).
f) Compare the measured resistance, capacitance, voltage or ADC value to that in the
reference table provided by the servomotor's manufacturer.


a) Example with a servomotor b) Example with a glove sensor mounted on the
equipment

Figure 3 – Test setup based on the servomotor for sensor angle measurement

Figure 4 – Test procedure of angle measurement in
the wearable glove based on the servomotor

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IEC 63203-402-1:2022 © IEC 2022 – 11 –
Table 2 – Comparison of angle data measured with a glove sensor and servomotor
Thumb
Joints MCP IP
Angle of
the
180 175 170 … min. 180 175 170 … min.
servomotor
(θ) [°]
Glove
sensor data
[kΩ]
Index finger
Joints MCP PIP DIP
Angle of
the
180 175 170 … min. 180 175 170 … min. 180 175 170 … min.
servomotor
(θ) [°]
Glove
sensor data
[kΩ]
Middle finger
Joints MCP PIP DIP
Angle of
the
180 175 170 … min. 180 175 170 … min. 180 175 170 … min.
servomotor
(θ) [°]
Glove
sensor data
[kΩ]
Ring finger
Joints MCP PIP DIP
Angle of
the
180 175 170 … min. 180 175 170 … min. 180 175 170 … min.
servomotor
(θ) [°]
Glove
sensor data
[kΩ]
Little finger
Joints MCP PIP DIP
Angle of
the
180 175 170 … min. 180 175 170 … min. 180 175 170 … min.
servomotor
(θ) [°]
Glove
sensor data
[kΩ]

5 Test report
The test report shall contain the following information:
a) Testing conditions
1) body temperature,
2) ambient temperature,
3) relative humidity.
b) Descriptions of the hand used for the test
1) finger,
2) finger joints,

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3) record whether it is the left or right hand that is tested,
4) angle of finger.
c) Descriptions of the test device
1) name and model number,
2) resolution.
d) Test content
1) target finger movements; for each finger movement:
i) finger joints that are tested,
ii) angle data of each finger joints.
2) comparison table of angle data
i) angle data measured with a glove sensor and goniometer,
ii) angle data measured with a glove sensor and servomotor.

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IEC 63203-402-1:2022 © IEC 2022 – 13 –
Annex A
(informative)

Glove-type motion sensors
A.1 Glove-type motion sensors
A glove is a garment that covers the entire hand. When a glove-type motion sensor array is
mounted on a glove, the movement of the fingers can be measured. Figure A.1 shows examples
of glove-type motion sensors. Glove-type motion sensors can be any of the sensors in
Clause A.2.


a) b)

NOTE Figure A.1 a) and b) depict gloves including glove-type motion sensors. They look similar to regular gloves
but include glove-type motion sensors. A typical glove used to protect the hands, is made up of a combination of
glove and glove-type motion sensors and is used for various purposes such as VR/AR and rehabilitation. The sensor
data are transmitted to a separate data acquisition device for analysis.
Figure A.1 – Examples of glove-type motion sensors
A.2 Examples by sensing type
A.2.1 Schematic of a resistive-type glove sensor
A resistive-type glove sensor is worn on the hand in the form of a glove. Therefore, the glove
sensor is made of a stretchable and flexible material, which can change with the movement of
the finger or joint. The upper and lower resistive areas form the resistance and change the
resistance value according to the movement of the finger and joint. Figure A.2 shows an
example of the structure of resistive-type glove sensors.

NOTE Figure A.2 depicts the sensor as being rectangular, parallel pipe, of the total thickness (substrate (h) +
sensing part (δ)), where the longitudinal side is longer than the transversal. The darker pads are for electrical
contacts.
Figure A.2 – Schematic of a resistive-type glove sensor

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A.2.2 Schematic of a capacitive-type glove sensor
A capacitive-type glove sensor is worn on the hand in the form of a glove. Therefore, the glove
sensor is made of a stretchable and flexible material that can change with the movement of the
finger or joint. The upper and lower capacitive areas form the capacitance and change the
capacitance value according to the movement of the finger and joint. Figure A.3 shows an
example
...