ISO/DIS 19713-1

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 19713-1
ISO/TC 22/SC 7 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2008-08-04 2009-01-04

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION • МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ • ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION

Véhicules routiers — Équipement d'épuration d'air d'entrée pour moteurs à combustion interne et

Partie 1: Contrôle d'efficacité fractionnelle avec particules fines (diamètre optique de 0,3 µm à 5 µm)

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Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope......................................................................................................................................................1

2 Normative references............................................................................................................................1

3 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................1

4 Purpose ..................................................................................................................................................4

5 Test equipment, accuracy and validation...........................................................................................5

5.1 Measurement accuracy.........................................................................................................................5

5.2 Test stand configuration.......................................................................................................................5

5.3 Test conditions ....................................................................................................................................14

5.4 Validation .............................................................................................................................................14

5.5 Reference air cleaner assemblies/air filter elements.......................................................................15

5.6 Routine operating procedure .............................................................................................................15

6 Fractional efficiency test procedure..................................................................................................15

7 Calculations and data acceptance criteria........................................................................................17

7.1 Symbols and subscripts used in following equations ....................................................................17

7.2 Test sequence......................................................................................................................................18

7.3 Correlation ratio...................................................................................................................................19

7.4 Penetration / Fractional efficiency.....................................................................................................20

7.5 Efficiency..............................................................................................................................................20

7.6 Data reduction .....................................................................................................................................21

7.7 Procedure for loading and fractional efficiency...............................................................................28

7.8 Reporting results of loading tests.....................................................................................................28

Annex A (informative) Test report .................................................................................................................29

Annex B (normative) Poisson statistics........................................................................................................31

Annex C (normative) Pressure loss data reduction.....................................................................................33

Annex D (informative) Determination of maximum efficiency aerosol concentration.............................34

Annex E (normative) Accuracy requirements, validation, and routine operation ....................................35

Annex F (normative) Aerodynamic diameter................................................................................................38

Annex G (normative) Method to test efficiency aerosol for proper neutralization...................................40

Annex H (normative) Leakage........................................................................................................................47

Annex I (informative) Aerosol isokinetic sampling......................................................................................49

Bibliography......................................................................................................................................................53

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ISO 19713-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 7, Injection

ISO 19713 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles — Inlet air cleaning equipment

⎯ Part 1: Fractional efficiency testing with fine particles (0,3 μm to 5 μm optical diameter)

⎯ Part 2: Fractional efficiency testing with coarse particles (5 μm to 40 μm optical diameter)

The following Engine Air Cleaner/Filter Fractional Efficiency Test Standard has been developed to cover

traditional and new particulate air filters to remove airborne contaminants specifically to protect the engine.

Air Cleaner Fractional Efficiency is one of the main air cleaner performance characteristics. This Test

Standard has been established to address the measurement of this parameter. The objective of this

procedure is to maintain a uniform test method for evaluating fractional efficiency of air cleaners and air filters

The data collected according to this test standard can be used to establish fractional efficiency characteristic

for air cleaners and filters tested in this manner. The actual field operating conditions, including contaminants,

humidity, temperature, mechanical vibration, flow pulsation, etc. are difficult to duplicate. However, with the

procedure and equipment set forth, comparison of air filter fractional efficiency may be made with a high

Annexes, B, C, E, F, G, and H are normative. Annexes A, D, and I are informative.

This part of ISO 19713 describes laboratory test methods to measure engine air cleaner and filter

performance by fractional efficiency test using particles from 0,3 µm to 5 µm. See ISO 19713-2 for fractional

efficiency test with particles from 5 µm to 40 µm. Performance includes, but is not limited to, air flow restriction

or pressure loss, initial and incremental fractional efficiencies during dust loading.

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated

references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced

ISO 19713-2, Inlet air cleaning equipment for internal combustion engines and compressors — Part 2:

Fractional efficiency testing with coarse particles (5 to 40 µm optical diameter)

ISO 5011:2000, Inlet air cleaning equipment for internal combustion engines and compressors - performance

ISO/DP 11 841-1, Road vehicles and internal combustion engines - Filter vocabulary - Part 1: Definitions of

ISO 12103-1, Road vehicles – Test dust for filter evaluation – Part 1: Arizona test dust

ISO/TS 11155-1, Road vehicles - Air filters for passenger compartment - Part 1: Test for particulate filtration

ASTM F 328, Practice for determining counting and sizing accuracy of an airborne particle counter using near-

mono-dispersed spherical particulate materials, (ASTM, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA. 19103-1187

ASHRAE 52.2, Method of testing general ventilation air-cleaning devices for removal efficiency by particulate

air cleaner consisting of two or more stages, the first usually being a pre-cleaner, followed by one or more

NOTE If two elements are used, the first is called the primary element and the second one is called the secondary

device usually using inertial or centrifugal means to remove a portion of the test dust before reaching the filter

permanent pressure reduction due to a decrease in the flow energy (velocity head) caused by the filter (Pa at

ability of the air filter to remove particles of a specified size expressed as a percentage for particle size i

efficiency before the collected particles have any measurable effect on the efficiency of the filter under test

NOTE The collected particles can affect the measured filter efficiency before enough aerosol is collected to have any

efficiency, determined at the specified flow rate as a function of particle size at 10 %, 25 %, 50 % and 100 %

of filter life, which is determined by pressure loss across the filter as the filter is loaded with ISO 12103-1 test

NOTE 1 The filter pressure loss (ΔP) values at which the incremental fractional efficiencies are measured can be

calculated from: the initial pressure loss (ΔP ), the fraction of filter life (ΔL), and the specified terminal pressure loss (ΔP ).

NOTE 2 If necessary, the requester and the tester may agree upon different criteria for incremental fractional efficiency.

ratio of the concentration of particles of specified size exiting the filter to the concentration of particles of

mass of test dust collected by the air cleaner assembly or air filter element at a specified flow rate expressed

NOTE Recommended particle counters are optical particle counters (OPC) or other counters demonstrating good

correlation in measuring particle sizes such as aerodynamic particle counters (APC).

particles suspended in air, used for filter efficiency evaluation or dust loading

aerosol used to measure the efficiency of the test filter, the concentration of which is low enough to prevent

coincidence related errors in the particle counters, and does not change the filter efficiency due to loading; for

NOTE The aerosol charge is reduced so that it approximates a Boltzman equilibrium charge distribution. The

requirements for the efficiency challenge aerosol are given in sections 5.2.9 and 5.2.10.

aerosol used to load the filter, the concentration of which is high enough to allow loading of the filter in a

reasonable amount of time; for this part of ISO 19713 for single-stage air cleaner assemblies and air filter

elements, ISO 12103-1 A2 test dust and for pre-cleaners and multistage air cleaner assemblies ISO 12103-1

NOTE The requirements for the loading test aerosol are given in section 5.2.12.1.

ratio of the number of particles observed at the downstream sampling location to the number of particles at the

diameter of a particle of the type used to calibrate an optical sizing instrument that scatters the same amount

NOTE Optical diameter depends on the instrument, the type of particle used to calibrate the instrument (usually

polystyrene latex spheres), the optical properties of the particle being measured, and the size of the particle.

diameter of a sphere of density 1 g/cm with the same terminal velocity due to gravitational force in calm air,

NOTE 1 The aerodynamic diameter will be used to report results to avoid different diameter measures due to different

for this part of ISO 19713, HEPA is defined as a filter having 99,95 % efficiency at most penetrating particle

size (class H13 according to EN 1822) or 99,97 % (or higher) fractional efficiency at 0,3 µm using DOP

aerosol whose charge distribution is reduced until it provides a Boltzman equilibrium charge distribution

The purpose of this test code is to establish and specify consistent test procedures, conditions, equipment,

and performance reports to enable comparison of filter performances of air cleaners and air filter elements

used in engine air induction systems. It specifies the critical characteristics of equipment, test procedure and

report format required for the consistent assessment of filter elements in a laboratory test stand with particle

sizes in the range of 0,3 µm to 5 µm (optical diameter). The test procedure enables an assessment of air

cleaners for pressure loss and fractional efficiency against standardized laboratory particulate challenges.

Because the test methods exclude the full range of possible particulate challenges and environmental effects,

the relative ranking of filters may change in service. Note that absolute comparability is only possible with air

cleaners the same shape and size as well as the same position in the test duct. In order to get comparable

results to the dust loading capacity, gravimetric efficiency and air flow restriction/pressure loss tests, the

Complete vehicle manufacturers air cleaner assemblies or individual air filter elements may be tested. The

test stand shall consist of the following major components and shall be arranged as shown in Figure 2.

NOTE 2 Air cleaner assembly orientation will affect performance. It is recommended that air cleaner assemblies will be

Figure 3 shows a recommended air cleaner housing to measure the performance of a panel type air filter

Figure 4 shows a recommended air cleaner housing to measure the performance of a cylindrical type air filter

The unit under test may be an air cleaner housing with filter element or elements or it may be a housing

designed to hold a filter element with appropriate inlet and outlets. The unit under test may be or may include

a pre-cleaner. The scope of this test procedure does not include the testing of air cleaner systems without

tubular inlet and outlet connections. However designs such as perforated or louvered inlet systems could be

tested with the unit under test inside a plenum that would include a tubular inlet. Non-tubular air cleaner

systems outside the scope of this test procedure may still be evaluated as agreed upon between the tester

In general, panel type air filter elements may be tested using the recommended housing shown in Figure 3.

Figure 4 shows a recommended housing to test cylindrical type air filter elements. This housing design is

Upstream and downstream cylindrical ducting shall be made of conductive material and all components shall

be commonly grounded from the aerosol inlet section to the downstream sampling section.

Inlet air shall be conditioned according to the requirements of ISO 5011, (23 ± 5 °C and 55 ± 15% RH). The

inlet air shall be filtered with a HEPA filter if the background particle concentration exceeds the requirements

The upstream and downstream ducting can be constructed vertically (recommended), horizontally or a

combination based on space constraints. The example in this procedure shows a vertical configuration to test

both air cleaners and panel type air filters. The particle samplers are located vertically in each test section,

which reduces the probability of particle loss and enable sampling of large particle sizes of interest. The

underlying test system design will reduce particle losses and meet the requirements of Table E.1 and E.2 in

The test system should be capable of handling user specified flow rates. Further, the test system will maintain

the required flow rates with air cleaner assembly pressure loss up to 10 kPa. Primary duct sizing shall conform

to the following 'nominal' duct diameter and flow ranges in Table 1 below. Higher and lower flow rates may

NOTE A 10 µm particle with a specific gravity of 2 settles at about 6 x10 m/s in still air. At the minimum velocity of

approximately 5,1 m/s this would result in only a 10 mm drop in that 10 µm particle over a 3 m run.

Test inlet air flow shall be filtered with a HEPA filter to remove the majority of ambient aerosol if required

The test system shall be designed to provide uniform and steady air flow to the air cleaner assembly or to the

NOTE Uniform air flow is required in sections where isokinetic samplers are located when evaluating air cleaner

assemblies. Proper flow distribution will facilitate a representative aerosol sample being drawn by the isokinetic samplers.

It is important to minimize leakage into the test system to obtain good data. Depending on where the leakage

As a minimum all connections and joints should be checked for visual leakage using soap bubbles. Any

known soap solution can be used for the test. Preferably, the soap solution [foam] will be applied using a

brush at all connections and joints. Leaks are especially important on the clean side of the air cleaner. See

The aerosol generator for fractional efficiency tests shall provide a stable and homogenous aerosol

concentration and size distribution. The size distribution of the aerosol shall have sufficient particles for

statistical evaluation in each size class as explained in Section 7. If high-resolution particle spectrometers are

used, size classes may be combined to achieve the required counts using the size ranges in 5.2.13. The total

concentration of the aerosol in the test duct shall not exceed the limit of the particle counter as discussed in

5.2.13.3. The efficiency test aerosol concentration shall be low enough so there is no change in efficiency

during the test as measured by the penetration data acceptance criteria in 7.6.4 (i.e. no loading effects). The

size distribution and concentration stability requirements are established by the data quality requirements in

The potassium chloride aerosol generator for fractional efficiency tests shall nebulize a saline solution to

produce a homogeneous mist aerosol with stable concentration and size distribution. The droplets shall be

dried to form salt particles by using e.g. dry dilution air, heat, or desiccant. The efficiency test aerosol

generator shall be capable of dispersing KCl (potassium chloride aerosol) at a concentration low enough to

meet coincidence error requirements for the particle counter used. Compressed air used to operate and

transport the challenge aerosol should be HEPA filtered and dried before entering the feeding system.

The efficiency test aerosol should be injected against the air flow coming from the inlet HEPA filter(s). Care

should be taken to keep the injection velocity low enough to keep the larger particles in the challenge aerosol

from impacting on the walls of the inlet aerosol ductwork. The objective is to allow the inlet air to turn the

challenge aerosol and result in a more uniform distribution of concentration and particles size distribution

During validation of uniformity and concentration of the efficiency test aerosol, no